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GALGINING MACHINE.

No. 532,903. Patented Jan. 22, 1895.

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W. S. PIERCE. GALGIN ING MAGHINE.

Patented Jan. 22, 1895.

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CALUINING. MACHINEa N0..5s2,90s, Patented Jan. 22, 1895.

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NITED STATES PATENT ()EFICE.

WALTER S. PIERCE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALClNlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,903, dated January 22, 1895.

Application filed April 9, 1894. Serial No. 506,966. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER S. PIERCE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oalcining-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of drying or calcining apparatus which is in use for drying or heating ore, phosphate and other pulverized or granulated materials, and my invention consists in constructing such an apparatus as fully set forth hereinafter and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a sectional elevation of my improved calcining or drying apparatus; Fig. 2, a transverse section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views in section; Fig. 5, an external elevation, and Fig. 6 a sectional elevation, illustrating a modification.

In my improved calciner or drier, there is an inside cylinder 0 which maybe of any suitable cross-sectional shape, as round, square, octagonal, &c., and this cylinder is corrugated either horizontally or vertically, horizontal As shown also, the said inside cylinder is made up of flanged sections so that a series of these sections may be put together to form the cylinder, and any one or more taken out if they should become burned or warped or otherwise injured, and

the said cylinder is closed at the top by a conical, hollow cap H, and communicates at the bottom in most instances with a fire-place.

In the construction shown in Fig. 1 the fireplace is formed within the basin 0' of the cylinder where there is a grate S and an ashpit 0 below the same with an ash-opening 0 leading to one side.

In the construction shown in Fig. 6, the interior of the cylinder is heated by a reverberatory furnace 0 from which a curved pipe 1) extends to the bottom of the cylinder 0. In other instances, where gaseous fuel is employed, the burners will be arranged within the inside cylinder at suitable points as will be readily understood.

Around the cylinder 0 is a space or chamber Y which may be formed in a suitable brickwork or masonry structure inclosing the inner cylinder, or it may consist of an .son each shelf is movably supported.

outer. casing D as shown, the said casing being built up of sections connected together and so constructed that the chamber Y is of equal diameter around the body of the cylinder, but increases in area in consequence of the dome shape of the cap H.

Within the top of the chamberY and surrounding the conical cap His a series of vertical guards or rings E of gradually increasing diameter so arranged as to form a series of pockets outside of the cap H, each pocket open at the top and also at the bottom and communicating at the bottom withthe top of the next lower pocket.

Around the body of the casing C is arranged a series of shelves preferably with bottoms inclined toward the said casing and at such a distance therefrom as to form aaseries of pockets around the said casing, each pocket open at the top and bottom and communicating at the bottom with the pocket next below. When thecasing O is corrugated horizontally as shown, the lower edge of each shelf F is placed about opposite the center of the inturned or recessed portion of the corrugations. These shelves F are supported in any suitable manner. They may be secured fixedly in place'and means may be employed for feeding the material which is placed therein as hereinafter described between the shelves downward in contact with the body of the casing. I prefer however to agitate the shelves for this purpose, and for this rea- The said shelves may each be supported suitably to permit the shelves to have a slightoircular and rocking movement. A preferable construction, is to provide each shelf with a series of flanges Q, which rest upon balls running in grooves in brackets R projecting from the inner face of the outer casing. This permits. the shelves to be very readily turned around the inner casing by any suitable appliance, as for instance, by means of a lever t, pivoted at 5, and having its inner endextending into a recess in one of the shelves, there being a lever to each shelf; or all the shelves may be connected together so as to be operated by a single lever.

One, two, or more flues J afiord a communication between the upper portion of the inner casing G and the chamberY near the top of the latter, and one, two or more fines or openings L, form a communication between the lower end of the chamberY and one, two or more vertical stacks or lines M, and other lines K extend between the top of the chamber Y and each of the fines M and the dues or openings J, K L may be provided with suitable dampers.

The lower end of the outer casing is contracted forming a funnel P within which are brackets supporting the inner casing in such position however as to permit a free passage of the material downward through the funnel P to a conveyer T.

The casing O is of such size in relation to the outer wall or casing and the shelves F are of such dimensions that there is a free and unobstructed space outside of said shelves forming what I term a gas or vapor space, into which space the vapor from the material being calcined or dried will pass instantly after the said vapor is liberated.

The material to be calcined or dried is placed in the upper hopper I and will flownaturally over the cap H and down around the cylinder 0 filling the spaces between the guards or rings E and the cap H and filling the shelves and also the lower funnel P. After the material has filled these spaces as indicated, it will remain stationary until some portion is removed by the conveyer T in which case there will be a gradual passage of the material downward through the various spaces and over the various shelves, and should the material swell or wedge, or become clogged or arrested, the agitation of the shelves will liberate it.

The products of combustion pass from the cylinder 0 through the openings J into the chamber Y, and in their passage through the casing 0, they heat the sides thereof and the material upon the shelves F and confined by the guards E is thereby completely subjected to a high degree of heat from the heated casing or cylinder, and by closing the openings or flues K, the products of combustion can be caused to pass down through the chamber Y to the fiues L before entering the stacks M and consequently heat all of the shelves F and the material thereon.

It will be seen that the vapors liberated from the material being treated will mix with the products of combustion and this will result in many instances in a better combustion of these products and a higher degree of heat. When the material does not contain much moisture, it is better to close the upper fines K and open the lower fiues L, but if the material is very wet, then both the flues K and L should be opened to allow the heavier vapors to pass at once to the smoke-stack. It will be seen by this arrangement that the material to be operated upon is subjected to both direct and indirect heat; that is, to direct heat by the products of combustion passing in contact therewith as it rests upon the shelves and to the indirect heat of convection and radiation from the casing or cylinder and the shelves.

It will be seen that the operations thus carried on are continuous; that if there is any clogging or arresting of the material it may at once be liberated by shaking the proper shelf or shelves, and that the direct or indirect heating may be regulated at pleasure.

By corrugating the inner cylinder, I not only add to its strength and durability and prevent warping and cracking, but also get a much more extended heating surface than would result from the use of a plain cylinder, and I also cause a greater tumbling or agitation of the material that is being fed downward and therefore more thoroughly heat and mix and heat and dry the same.

It will also be evident that the vapor space will permit the immediate separation of the evaporated vapors at the point of generation or evaporation and its instant liberation, and thereby hasten the calcining and drying efiect and increase the effective capacity of the apparatus.

While I have referred to the shelves F as a series of shelves independent of each other, it will be very evidentthata similar effect could be secured by carrying a single row of shelves in a spiral around the cylinder, as indicated in dotted lines as. In such case, however, it would be stationary and movable feeding blades or other feeding apparatus would have to be employed either to facilitate feeding or to break up any clogging which might occur.

WVithout limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown, I claim as my invention- 1. In a calcining or drying apparatus, the combination of a cylinder, a series of shelves or receptacles E, F, for the material surrounding said cylinder and arranged one above the other with openings at the bottom to permit material to pass from one to the other, an outer casing having the chamber Y, with which all the receptacles communicate and within which casing they are. arranged, and means for supplying the'cylinder with products of combustion to heat the receptacles, and fiues arranged above the receptacles F to carry the said products from said cylinder to and through the said chamber, substantially as described.

2. In a calcining or drying apparatus, an inside cylinder and means of heating the same, a series of movable surrounding shelves or pockets and means for supplying the same with material to be dried, and a space or chamber surrounding the said shelves and communieating with a fine, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in a calcining appara' tus of an inside cylinder and means for heating the same, and series of surrounding pockets or shelves, and means for supplying the same with material to be dried, a surrounding space or chamber communicating with the inside of the said cylinder and a flue or flues communicating with the said chamber Il'O through upper and lower outlets, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination in a drying apparatus of a chamber, a corrugated cylinder arranged inclined shelves 13 arranged outside of said corrugations substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination with the inside cylinder of a drying apparatus, of a series of surrounding shelves supported to. permit the same to be agitated, and agitating devices substantially as and for the purpose described.

- 8. The combination with the inside cylinder, the shelves arranged around the same, and supported upon ball bearings and levers extending to said shelves, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 35 two subscribing witnesses.

WALTER S. PIERCE. Witnesses:

H. H. HAYDEN, J NO. B. CAMPBELL. 

